19 Observations on mining and refining of critical minerals
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Latest episodes
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Observation Twelve – Battery Recycling and Black Mass: The Broken Cycle of Independence
July 29, 2026 · 7 minBattery recycling is widely promoted as a path toward circularity, critical-mineral security and greater industrial independence. But collecting spent lithium-ion batteries and processing them into black mass does not necessarily return…
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Observation Eleven – The Duty of The Sovereign
July 16, 2026 · 10 minCritical minerals are at the center of the global race for industrial leadership, national security, battery manufacturing, and the energy transition. But why do so many strategic mineral projects still depend on commercial demand before…
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Observation Ten – Jumping Without a Parachute | Critical Minerals, Tariffs & Industrial Capacity
June 18, 2026 · 7 minJumping Without a Parachute asks a simple but uncomfortable question: Can a country reduce dependency on a critical mineral supply chain before it has built the industrial capacity needed to replace it? In this episode of 19 Observations…
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Observation Nine – Gaining Power By Losing Money
May 12, 2026 · 7 minThis episode explores a side of critical minerals that is rarely discussed openly: the relationship between price, power, and survival. As countries race to secure strategic supply chains, a deeper question is beginning to emerge — what…
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Observation Eight – Churning The Critical Minerals Without The Midas Touch
May 6, 2026 · 5 minAs critical minerals move deeper into discussions around industrial security and domestic capability, refining is increasingly positioned at the center of the conversation. Yet behind the urgency surrounding capacity expansion lies a…
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Observation Seven – Refining Is Not What ESG Says It Is
April 27, 2026 · 5 minA closer look at how refining is measured — and where that measurement begins to lose clarity. This piece explores the gap between reported outcomes and real performance, at the stage where materials are transformed and value is…
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Observation Six – Energy Transition and Industrial Breakpoints
April 15, 2026 · 5 minThe energy transition is often presented as a matter of scale—more materials, more capacity, more speed. This observation steps back from that assumption. What appears straightforward at the level of targets and timelines becomes far less…
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Observation Five – Africa: Where The Value Chain Begins – And Leaves | Part 2
March 30, 2026 · 5 minAcross much of Africa, critical minerals enter the global system at the earliest stages — yet rarely remain within it long enough to capture the full value of transformation. What appears as participation is often only partial…
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Observation Five – Africa: Where The Value Chain Begins – And Leaves | Part 1
March 23, 2026 · 4 minAcross Africa, critical minerals enter the global system at scale. But what happens to these materials as they move beyond their point of origin is shaped by a structure that extends far beyond extraction. This episode takes a closer look…
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Observation Four — The Myth of Sisyphus In Domestic Refining Capacity
March 10, 2026 · 5 minWhy is rebuilding domestic refining capacity so difficult once it has been lost? In this episode, we examine the structural realities behind industrial refining capability. Constructing facilities is only one part of the challenge…
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Observation Three — China Didn’t Win Mining of Critical Minerals. It Won the Refining | Part 2
February 24, 2026 · 4 minWhile refining capacity stagnated or declined in several regions, continuous operation elsewhere allowed processing capability to mature without interruption. This observation examines how sustained activity — rather than isolated…
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Observation Three — China Didn’t Win Mining of Critical Minerals. It Won the Refining | Part 1
February 18, 2026 · 6 minFor many years, global attention on critical minerals centered on extraction — where deposits were located and how quickly they could be developed. Far less focus was placed on the industrial processes required to transform those materials…

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