Who’s afraid of realism?
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Latest episodes
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‘Shyness and Dignity’ by Dag Solstad
October 14, 2026 · 24 minWhat happens when the techniques of realist literature become absorbed into our understanding of real life? And what would it mean to try to depict that experience in fiction? In Dag Solstad’s Shyness and Dignity (1994), a middle-aged…
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‘The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie’ by Muriel Spark
September 15, 2026 · 21 minWhen Muriel Spark describes the art teacher, Mr Lloyd, in The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie, she writes that ‘most wonderful of all, he had only one arm, the right, with which he painted’. The loss of an arm was hardly wonderful for Mr Lloyd…
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‘Pnin’ by Vladimir Nabokov
August 31, 2026 · 23 minIf Saul Bellow’s Seize the Day (1956) belongs firmly to postwar American realism, then Pnin (1957) certainly doesn’t. With its self-conscious fictionality and unreliable narrator, Nabokov’s novel is a model of postmodernism. Yet for all…
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‘Seize the Day’ by Saul Bellow
August 14, 2026 · 16 min‘Seize the Day’ was published in 1956, but its grammar of realism was barely changed from that deployed in ‘Madame Bovary’ exactly a hundred years earlier. The precise details, the free indirect style and the use of leitmotif all reveal…
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‘Voyage in the Dark’ by Jean Rhys
August 14, 2026 · 19 minIn ‘A Room of One’s Own’, Virginia Woolf writes about how radical it feels to read the sentences: ‘Chloe liked Olivia. They shared a laboratory together…’. Woolf probably didn’t know the work of her contemporary Jean Rhys, but if she had…
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‘Mrs Dalloway’ by Virginia Woolf
May 27, 2026 · 20 minIn August 1923, halfway through writing ‘Mrs Dalloway’, Virginia Woolf recorded a new idea in her diary: she would ‘dig out beautiful caves’ behind her characters, and ‘the caves shall connect, and each comes to daylight at the present…
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‘The Death of Ivan Ilyich’ by Leo Tolstoy
April 27, 2026 · 23 minIn the late 1870s, shortly after the publication of Anna Karenina, Tolstoy experienced what might be described today as a midlife crisis. In his short autobiographical book ‘A Confession’, finished in 1880, he questioned what meaning there…
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Three stories by Anton Chekhov
March 30, 2026 · 23 min‘Instead of sheets – dirty tablecloths.’ The notebooks of Anton Chekhov are full of enigmatic observations such as this, the unexplained details that suggest a whole scene, short story or character. When asked by an actor how he should…
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‘Notes from Underground’ by Fyodor Dostoevsky
March 2, 2026 · 20 minDostoevsky’s 1864 novella doesn’t contain the descriptive detail, impersonal narration or many other features of 19th-century realism established by Flaubert. The book’s two-part structure, which starts with a 40-year-old’s furious rant…
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‘Madame Bovary’ by Gustave Flaubert (part two)
February 2, 2026 · 10 min‘He opened him up and found nothing.’ These are the doctor’s findings at Charles Bovary’s autopsy near the end of 'Madame Bovary'. Taken on its own, it’s a simple medical observation. In the context of Emma Bovary’s tragic story, it serves…
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‘Madame Bovary’ by Gustave Flaubert (part one)
January 5, 2026 · 20 minGustave Flaubert recalled in a letter that the critic Sainte-Beuve compared his style to a surgeon’s scalpel, an image taken from 'Madame Bovary'. This was not a compliment: Sainte-Beuve was anxious about the ambition of Flaubert’s…
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Introducing ‘Who’s afraid of realism?’
January 1, 2026 · 2 minWhat’s the difference between realism and the real? James Wood looks at novels and short stories from Flaubert and Dostoevsky up to contemporary writers including Amit Chaudhuri and Gwendoline Riley as he examines the uncertain line…

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